Transformers & LLMs
Attention, tokenization, context and the mechanics behind language models.
Visual explanations for modern AI
See what AI
is really doing.
Beyond Gradients turns machine learning, deep learning, Transformers and LLMs into intuitive visual explanations—without losing the technical substance.
Understand. Visualize. Go deeper.
01 / Inside the modelSelf-attention
Thicker lines mean greater attention weight. Each token combines information from the sentence.
Artificial intelligenceMachine learningTransformersLarge language modelsVisual mathematics
What we explain
The machinery behind
modern intelligence.
From first principles to current research, we build the intuition you need to understand how AI systems work.
Machine Learning
How models learn patterns, make predictions and improve from data.
Deep Learning
Neural networks, backpropagation and the architectures shaping AI.
AI Systems
The tools, infrastructure and design choices that turn models into products.
Visual Mathematics
Vectors, probability and optimization made tangible through visual thinking.
Research & News
The developments that matter—explained with context, not just headlines.
Featured explanations
Start with a question.
A preview of the ideas we explore. Discover Beyond Gradients on Instagram and YouTube.
How does ChatGPT decide what to say next?
From a sequence of tokens to a distribution of possibilities. Meet next-token prediction.
Explore our YouTubeHow does attention actually work?
See how a token combines information from other tokens to build a richer representation.
Explore our InstagramWhy does AI turn words into vectors?
A geometric way to represent language—and why relationships matter more than coordinates.
Explore our InstagramHow does gradient descent learn?
Follow the slope, update the parameters, repeat. The idea behind minimizing a loss function.
Explore our YouTubeWhy can AI sound confident when it is wrong?
Fluent language is not the same as factual knowledge. Explore the gap between the two.
Explore our InstagramWhat do Queries, Keys and Values actually mean?
Three learned projections. One mechanism for matching, weighting and combining information.
Explore our YouTubeOur point of view
Intuition without
hand-waving.
Technical depth without unnecessary complexity.
Most AI explanations fall into one of two traps: they simplify away the important parts, or bury the idea beneath notation. Beyond Gradients bridges that gap—building a clear mental model first, then showing the technical structure that makes it true.
Keep exploring
A clearer view of AI.
One idea at a time.
Follow the questions, diagrams and ideas as they unfold.